The packets include several segments like the payload and headers. Usually, IPSec breaks data into packets before it’s sent over the network. Transmission: This involves the exchange of data between the hosts.In the second phase, the hosts negotiate and agree on the type of cryptographic algorithms to be used during the session. In aggressive mode, the initiating host presents the IKE for setting up the IP circuit, and the other host agrees. Negotiations are done using either the main mode (for greater security) or the aggressive mode (for faster IP circuit establishment).Īll hosts agree on an IKE for setting up the IP circuit in the main mode. In the first phase, the hosts create a secure channel. Negotiation and Key exchange: This step includes host authentication and policies to be used.If the packets trigger IPSec policies, then the process continues as follows: Usually, the process starts with hosts (communicating parties) establishing that incoming or outgoing packets need to use IPSec. IPComp doesn’t offer security and must be used with AH or ESP over VPN tunnels.īelow is a general step-by-step outline of how IPSec works. This is useful when communication is overly slow, for instance, congested links. IP Payload Compression (IPComp): IPComp is a low-level compression protocol that reduces the size of IP packets, thereby improving the communication levels between two parties.These include Kerberized Internet Negotiation of Keys (KINK) and Internet Key Exchange (IKE and IKEv2). Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (ISAKMP): ISAKMP is tasked with Security Associations (SAs) – a set of pre-agreed keys and algorithms used by parties when establishing a VPN tunnel.In tunnel mode, it encapsulates the entire IP packet, while only the payload is protected in transport mode. ESP also provides payload confidentiality and message authentication within the IPSec protocol suite. Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP): ESP is responsible for offering authentication, integrity, and confidentiality of data.The AH also offers significant authentications for both IP headers and upper-layer protocols.
Authentication Header (AH): AH offers data origin authentication of IP packets (datagrams), guarantees connectionless integrity, and gives protection against replay attacks (thanks to the sliding window technique).IPSec suite of protocols includes Authentication Header (AH), Encapsulated Security Payload (ESP), Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (ISAKMP), and IP Payload Compression (IPComp).
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